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Bulletproof composite material bulletproof principle
Dec 04,2024
The bulletproof principle of bulletproof composites mainly includes the following mechanisms:
Energy absorption: Bulletproof composite materials achieve bulletproof effect by absorbing the impact energy of bullets. For example, soft materials such as ballistic nylon and aramid fibers can absorb the impact of ammunition through stretching and deformation, thus slowing down the speed of the bullet and eventually making it lose its destructive power.
Multi-layer protection: Modern body armor usually features a multi-layer structure that combines soft and hard materials. When a bullet hits a bulletproof vest, the hard material (such as bulletproof steel plate or reinforced ceramic plate) first consumes most of the bullet's energy, while the soft material (such as high-performance fibers) acts as a second line of defense to further consume the remaining energy, thus achieving a better protective effect.
Material properties: Bulletproof composites usually have high strength, high modulus and good toughness. For example, Kevlar is a high-performance fiber that is five times stronger than steel of the same mass, but only 1/5 the density of steel.This makes it an ideal material for making bulletproof vests.23 In addition, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers (UHMWPE) are extremely strong and lightweight, which makes them excellent in ballistic protection materials .
Special liquid materials: Some ballistic composites use special liquids (e.g., shear-thickening liquids) as ballistic layers. When a bullet hits at high speed, these liquids quickly become hard, thus absorbing the impact energy of the bullet.
Carbon nanotubes and graphene: New materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene also show great potential in ballistic composites due to their extremely high tensile strength and lightweight properties. Carbon nanotubes have a tensile strength of 276 times that of steel, while graphene is one of the thinnest and strongest materials ever discovered.
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